project Fitosuini

Here again some photos of the great constructed wetland for the treatment of swine effluents. 110 m2 of bed treat 2-3 cubic meters. As soon as possible few data of the treatment performances.

more info at: http://www.fitosuini.oneminutesite.it/

the best Treatment wetlands books

I list below the best books you can use for design and understand the wetland systems (buy online onhttp://www.amazon.com/ orhttp://www.ibs.it/):

Constructed Wetlands in the Sustainable Landscape

(Craig S. Campbell, Michael Ogden)

Treatment Wetlands, Second Edition

(Robert H. Kadlec, Scott d Wallace)

Biogeochemistry of Wetlands: Science and Applications

(K. Ramesh Reddy, Ronald D. DeLaune)

Wetland Plants: Biology and Ecology

(Julie K. Cronk , M. Siobhan Fennessy)

Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow (Environmental Pollution)

(Jan Vymazal, Lenka Kröpfelová)

Small Scale Constructed Wetland Treatment Systems: Feasibility, Design Criteria and O&M Requirements (Werf Reports)

(S D Wallace, R L Knight)

Efficient Management of Wastewater, Its Treatment and Reuse in Water Scarce Countries”,

(Al Baz Ismail, Otterpohl Ralf, Wendland Claudia)

Constructing a wetland model

Fantastic.. visit the site http://www.play-with-water.ch, build up your own domestic wetland and play with it.From the "play-with-water" web site I report this summary that allow you to build up a teaching wetland:

Time requirement

• Preparation time: 2-3 hours (incl. shopping)
• Teaching time: 1.5 hours

Material requirement

• 1 transparent plastic box 35*23*31cm
• 15 kg of gravel 4-16mm
• 25 litre of expanded clay (LECA) 1-4 mm
• 2 plastic buckets (10 litres)
• 25 cm transparent plastic hoses, diameter 20 mm
• 1 plastic water tap (with screw and nut)
• 1 measure cup 1 litre
• 1 measuring tape (tailor)
• 1 roll adhesive tape
• plants: e.g. indoor plants,
  Umbrella Papyrus (Cyperus alternifolius), rush (Juncus spec.)
• additional equipment (scissors, pen, sponge, towel, paper, etc.)

UNEP & constructed wetland

The United Nations Environment Programme

International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC)

Division of Technology, Industry and Economics

have a specific focus on Water and Sanitation ActivitiesAbuot this, they speech on Phytotechnology and Water. From the http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/ web site:

"The term Phytotechnology is the application of science and engineering to study problems and provide solutions involving vegetation to a variety of environmental conditions. It is based on use of the ecosystem services provided by plants. Some examples of its application include the reduction and control of pollution through wetland systems, restoration of degraded natural or industrial land, carbon sinks and ameliorating the effects and impacts of climate change.

IETC application of Phytotechnology relates to the use of wetlands for water quality, and sanitation improvement, wastewater treatment as well as for the restoration of degraded aquatic ecosystems. Artificially constructed wetlands are considered as one of the best options due to their low costs and environmental and social friendliness particularly when compared with other conventional technological approaches. To facilitate the design of artificial subsurface flow wetlands a software application has been developed (SubWet 2.0) while SufWet 1.0 for surface flow wetland systems, and WetRestore wetland restoration assessment.

IETC has implemented a project in Brazil using SubWet 2.0 and Iraq to treat domestic wastewater. The forthcoming project Sanitation and Water Efficiency Enhancing Technologies (SWEET) uses SubWet 2.0 as one of the main tools. A self-learning Interactive Training Package considering the above mentioned software application and others will be produced during the 2010."

More info about the vision of UNEP on constructed wetland: http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publications/freshwater/watershed_manual/03_management-10.pdf

great idea in The Radix Ecological Sustainabilty Center

In the site http://radixcenter.org you can find a lot of great solutions to promote ecological literacy and environmental stewardship through educational programs based around demonstrations of sustainable technologies.

The following constructed wetland was developed by Radix Center: Fantastic!

from the site http://radixcenter.org: "This system consists of several bathtubs filled with gravel, which have water plants growing inside them. Wastewater passing through the aerobic root zones of the plants is cleaned by the bacteria living there. The bacteria consume organic nutrients while the plants themselves uptake nitrogen and phosphorus. By the time it exists the system, the water has been made safe for reuse in irrigating vegetable crops. Plants used in this system include: bulrush, taro, cattail, papyrus, swamp hibiscus, canna lilly and phragmittes reeds.

treatment wetland and big city

YES...WE CAN also set up a treatment wetland system for a big city wastewater volume. This is just been done like in Beja (Portugal) or in Jesi (Italy). Here the wetland is the secondary or tertiary treatment step (after activated sludge or lagoon). In Beja are treated the waters of 30.000 person and the treated water are used for watering the golf fields...

here below an useful image (by GianVIN) that show also the light impact of the systems...

the UNEP environmentally sound technologies for Caribbean Islands

As highlighted in the 1994 Barbados Programme of Action, waste management is a major concern for small island developing States.

UNEP with Caribbean Environmental Health Institute write the Environmentally sound technologies for integrated management of solid, liquid and hazardous waste for SIDS in the Caribbean Region.

Many technologies have been used in the Caribbean but, for many reasons have failed including: inappropriate tecn., insufficient operation practices, lack of funding and lack of personnel to manage the treatment plant. One of the best tecnologies listed in the UNEP publication and able to manage the Caribbean wastewaters is constructed wetland. In the UNEP document is also write ... " Increasingly being recommended ". see page 108 of the document at the following link: http://www.training.gpa.unep.org/documents/a_directory_of_environmentally_sound_

technologies_for_the_integrated_management_of_solid_liquid_and_hazardous_waste

_for_sids_in_the_caribbean_region_unepcaricom_2004_1_english.pdf

anche wired italia si occupa di fitodepurazione...

the japanese designer Jun Yasumoto study the first constructedwetland shower.. read more: http://www.wired.it/news/archivio/2009-08/12/la-doccia-ecologica.aspx

Here below two photos of the idea:

here again some different treatment wetland

1) wetland for two person (www.artecambiente.it) build in North of Italy

2) my floating wetland in Brescia (this is my first patent in the treatment wetland field)

(first stage grow of iris in tech-ia system)

(grow of phragmites in the tech-ia system)

(grow of typha in the tech-ia system, plants are 2,2 m high)

(first application of floating wetland in Oasi di Cervara in North of Italy)

3) moon wetland in Algeria by WASTEWATERGARDENS.COM

caribbean treatment wetlands

... I'M SEARCHING PARTNERS ( TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE) FOR DEVELOPING CONSTRUCTED WETLAND IN ANTIGUA AND THE OTHER CARIBBEAN ISLANDS.

There're a lot of money and grant program to do this!

constructed wetland and swine wastewaters

Here the photos of the innovative swine wastewater treatment system in North of Italy.

Within ArtecAmbiente srl (www.artecambiente.it) and Master Pig Farm was developed an innovative sludge and liquid treatment plant. With an easy and economic solid/liquid separator the pig effluent is treated: the liquid fraction goes to a nitro-denitro primary treatment and then in a constructed wetland, and the solid goes to a compost system. The first result obtained are very good.

1) an overall photo of the reedbed (after 3 months of planting):

2) the inlet wastewater (the green color is the trace liquid for research porpouse).

3) the outlet: FANTASTIC!!!

again photos

1) AQUANOVA project at Padova University. the aim was testing hornamental plants vs phragmites australis. The plants used were canna, iris, menta, lythrum, pontederia, thalia, lysimachia.

2) from WASTEWATERGARDENS INT: in Australia and Bahamas

some photos of constructed wetlands:

1) a wetland built by Artecambiente srl in Italy with extreme surface reduction. First an horizontal bed and then two vertical bed place in series.

2) a wetland of 2.4 ha in Portugal in Beja city. The treated water is reutilized for irrigation.

HERE THE LIST OF MY PAPERS

1) Tocchetto D., 2002. Giardini in fiore ma senza sprechi. Periodico di informazione del Consorzio di Bonifica Pedemontano Brentella di Pederobba n.1/2002.
2) Borin M., Tocchetto D., 2004. “Reti ecologiche e qualità del territorio agrario”, poster presentato nell’ambito di Fieragricola 2004 – Verona, presso lo stand CNR-IBAF nel salone tematico “Vivere il territorio”. Verona.
3) Borin M., Tocchetto D., 2004. “Fasce tampone e acqua”, poster presentato nell’ambito di Fieragricola 2004 – Verona, presso lo stand CNR-IBAF nel salone tematico “Vivere il territorio”. Verona.
4) Tocchetto D., Giannini G., Pinarelli M., Manfredi Rasponi Dalle Teste G., 2004. Fattoria Barbialla nuova: una tenuta di 500 ha verso l’equilibrio agro-ambientale, Atti Convegno Internazionale “Il sistema rurale. Una sfida per la progettazione tra salvaguardia, sostenibilità e governo delle trasformazioni”, Milano, 13-14 ottobre 2004, p. 525-532.
5) Borin M., Tocchetto D., 2005. Reti ecologiche: significato e funzionalità nell’agro-ecosistema. Alberi e Territorio, n. 3/2005, p. 36-43.
6) Borin M., Tocchetto D., 2005. Gestione dei reflui, un aiuto dalla fitodepurazione. Informatore zootecnico, n. 4/2005, p. 30-36.
7) Borin M., Tocchetto D., 2005. A constructed surface flow wetland for treating agricultural drainage waters. A period balance from 1998 to 2002. Proceeding of International Symposium on Wetland Pollutant Dynamics and Control, Ghent, 5-8 September 2005.
8) Borin M., Tocchetto D., 2005. The agro-environmental structures and their multiple roles at local scale. A case study in the River Sile Natural Park (Italy). Proceeding of International Association of Landscape Ecology (UK) Conference 2005, 'Landscape Ecology: Planning, People and Practice - the landscape ecology of sustainable landscapes'. Northampton, 12-16 September 2005.
9) Borin M., Tocchetto D., Agricoltura di terza generazione, paesaggio e storia locale. Analisi agro-ambientale e culturale del territorio di Rolle. Atti X Convegno internazionale IPSAPA “Il Mosaico paesistico culturale come volano per il turismo e risorsa per le comunità locali”. Udine 3-4 Novembre 2005.
10) Tocchetto D., Borin M..(2006) Agro-environmental structures and their multiple roles in the countryside: Changing during half a century in Sile Natural Park (N-E Italy). ELO Newsletter 1-2006, Bruxelles.
11) Borin M., Tocchetto D. (2006) Applicazione della fitodepurazione in impianti di acquacoltura nel Veneto. Il Pesce, 1-2006
12) Borin M., Tocchetto D., (2006). Ornamental plants in sub-surface horizontal flow treatment system, iwa mACROPHYTE NEWSLETTER, 5-2006
13) Borin M., Tocchetto D., (2006). Observations on ornamental macrophytes for their potential use in subsurface flow wetland systems. Proceeding of IWA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, LISBON 200614) Bortolini L., Tocchetto D. (2006). Performance di alcuni impianti di microirrigazione in aziende collinari del Veneto. Primi risultati del progetto AQUAVITIS. Atti 9° Convegno nazionale di agrometeorologia "AGROMETEOROLOGIA E GESTIONE DELLE COLTURE AGRARIE"- Torino 6-8 Giugno 2006
15) Tocchetto D., Borin M.(2006). Evaluation of floating vegetated systems to reduce the effluent loads from channel rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms. Proceedings International Conference AQUA 2006. Florence May 2006
16) Tocchetto D., Borin M. (2006). Ruolo, funzione ed evoluzione delle strutture di rete ecologica nel territorio del Parco Naturale Regionale Del Fiume Sile XI Convegno Interdisciplinare IPSAPA/ISPALEM: Rarità, utilità e bellezza nell’evoluzione sostenibile del mosaico paesistico-culturale. Udine 26-27 Ottobre 2006.
17) Borin M., Tocchetto D., (2006). Winery wastewater treatment with constructed wetland in north of Italy. System start up and first results. Proceeding IV International Conference on Sustainable Viticulture. Vina del Mar, Chile, 5-8 Novembre 2006.
18) Tocchetto D., Lajo M., (2006). La fitodepurazione per il trattamento delle acque di prima pioggia. Potenzialità. Atti IV Giornata di Studio “Gestione delle Acque e Ambiente Urbano Sostenibile”, Genova, Dicembre 2006.
19) Borin M., Tocchetto D. (2007). Acque reflue? Ci pensano le piante. VQ vite, vino e qualità, n.2 Marzo 2007.
20) Borin M., Tocchetto D. (2007). A constructed surface flow wetland for treating agricultural drainage waters. Water and nitrogen balance from 1998 to 2002. Science of the total Environment. Volume 380 1-3- Special issue: “Contaminants in Natural and Constructed Wetlands”.
21) Tocchetto D., Borin M. (2007). Integrated project coupling biogas production and constructed wetland for treating animal slurries. Proceeding of International conference on Multi Functions of Wetland Systems, Legnaro (PD), Italy, 26-29 June 2007.
22) Tocchetto D., Borin M. (2007). Floating vegetated systems to reduce the effluent loads in aquaculture farms. Performance and system evolution. Proceeding of International conference on Multi Functions of Wetland Systems, Legnaro (PD), Italy, 26-29 June 2007.
23) Cossu R., Alibardi L., Codromaz P., Tocchetto D. and Borin M. (2007). A pilot system for energy production using anaerobic digestion and constructed wetland in a mountain hut. Proceeding of International conference on Multi Functions of Wetland Systems, Legnaro (PD), Italy, 26-29 June 2007.
24) Tocchetto D., 2007. La fitodepurazione. Notiziario della Scuola agraria del Parco di Monza, anno 20, n. 2/2007.
25) Tocchetto D., 2007. Treatment of Wastewater with Natural Systems and Reuse of Clean Water for Different Applications in the Caribbean Islands. Proceedings of CWWA2007 Conference 1-5 Oct 2007, Caribbean Wastewater Association Conference 2007, St. Kitts, West Indies.
26) Salvato M., Tocchetto D., and Borin M. (2007). Analysis of bird and carabida population to assess the biodiversity in agricultural areas in North East Italy. Agronomy conference Catania September 2007.
27) Tocchetto D., Lajo M., 2007. Fitodepurazione: applicazioni e vantaggi. L’Ambiente n. 5/2007, pag. 48-51.
28) Tocchetto D., 2007. “L’approccio agronomico – elementi di fitodepurazione”. In Lajo M., Luther P., 2007 “Biopiscine. Progettazione ed esecuzione. Tecniche – normativa. Sistemi editoriali, Ottobre 2007, pp.gg. 117-128
29) Tocchetto D., Simonetti G., Salvato M., Borin M., 2008. “In-stream floating vegetated systems to reduce effluent loads”: Proceedings of “8th International Wetlands Conference INTECOL” (Cuiabà Brasile 20-25 Luglio 2008) p. 32.
30) De Stefani G., Tocchetto D., Salvato M., Borin M., 2009. Applications of floating system for in stream water treatment, Proceeding of 4th Annual Meeting of the European Chapter of the Society of Wetlands Scientists (SWS), Erkner, Germany, p 140-141.

31) F. Oggionni, M. Borin, D. Tocchetto, M. Salvato, G. De Stefani, 2009. Impianto di fitodepurazione flottante in una vasca di laminazione. Poster e abstract negli Atti del Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica Urbana, Milano 6-9 Ottobre 2009.

32) De Stefani, G., Borin, M., Salvato, M.,Tocchetto, D. (2009). Floating flowering system to improve water quality and aesthetic value of water zones. Proceeding of International Symposium BLUE in ARCHITECTURE 09 – Water, Climate Change and Architecture, Venezia 24-27/09/09
33) Debabeche M, Lajo M, Tocchetto D, Abibsi N., Mimeche L., Borin M.,Caravello G. (2010). Eaux usees epurees par phytoepuration pour l’irrigation des espaces verts urbains dans un climat aride. Proceedings of 5th International Conférence water resources in mediterranean basin "watmed5" May 26-28 2010, Lille, France.
34) De Stefani G., Tocchetto D.,  Borin M. (2010). Performance of a floating system as tertiary treatment for urban wastewater. Proceeding of 12th International conference on Wetland Systems for water pollution control. October 4-8 2010.
35) De Stefani G., Tocchetto D., Salvato M. and Borin M., 2010. Performance of a floating treatment wetland for in-stream water amelioration in NE Italy. Hydrobiologia, accepted

NO MORE SUB IRRIGATION ! ! !

e siamo alle solite...come è mai possibile che si preferisca ancora la subirrigazione alla fitodepurazione??? i soliti scavatoristi!!! non funziona!! inquinate!!! BASTA!!! finitela!!! fate case e mettete giù tubi, non uscite dal vs seminato!!!

my last trip...in Africa

Treatment wetlands, yes we can implement these systems. I'm back now from Algeria where many towns and villages haven't any treatment solutions, where city with 200,000 habitants discharge wastewaters and solids directly in oasis or shallow desert lands without any basic pre-treatment like sedimentation. Don't believe...see the photo below!

A report of my visit is here: http://www.elwatan.com/Universite-Mohamed-Kheider-de Treatment wetlands are the right way also in Africa: costless, easy maintenance, reuse of treated waters in desert land for different purposes. In Algeria there is only one wetlands made by WWG international team (http://www.wastewatergardens.net/).


(this is not petroleum...is liquid shit!) [sorry for the bad word]

what are constructed wetlands?

Constructed wetlands can be used for primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of municipal or domestic wastewaters, stormwater, agricultural, animal and industrial wastewaters such as landfill leachate, petrochemicals, food wastes, pulp and paper and mining, usually combined with an adequate pre-treatment (Kadlec et al., 2000)

Here a scheme about how they work:

what are treatment wetlands?

The water quality improvements in natural wetlands
had been observed by scientists and engineers for
many years and this led to the development of
constructed treatment wetlands as an attempt to replicate the
water quality and the habitat benefits of the natural
wetland in a constructed ecosystem with the target of water purification before discharge (EPA 2000).

other names for the same solution

Treatment wetlands are also known as:

constructed wetlands, humedales artificiales, jardines depuradores de aguas residuales, wastewater gardens (TM), jardin d'epuration des eaux usees, zones humides artificielles, fitodepurazione, fitoépuration, kořenové čistírny, vegetačné koreňové čistiarne.

Different names for the same treatment results ... the use of right plants to clean up wastewaters

(please update this list with the name in your language)