Treatment wetlands (TW) are a green
technology that reproduce in a confined area the chemicals, physicals and
biological reactions that occurs in natural wetland systems.
The water
quality improvements in natural wetlands had been observed by scientists and
engineers for many years. This led to the development of CW as an attempt to
replicate the water quality and the habitat benefits of the natural wetland in
a constructed ecosystem to serve human water pollution.
Due to his
natural origin and behaviour TW are complex systems in terms of biology,
hydraulics and water chemistry.
Natural and
constructed wetlands rely on solar insulation as a main driving energy, and
warmer climates improve treatment rates (Kadlec,1996).
Within this system various kind of
wastewaters are treated and transformed by the complex plants-fill
medium-microbial colonies that develop and progress during the years inside the
treatment bed (Cooper 1996, Masi 2000, Shepherd 2001, Borin 2005, Tocchetto
2006, 2007). The biological reactions are due to the activity of micro organisms
attached to the available submerged substrate surfaces (plant roots growing in
the media, and the surfaces of the media themselves).
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